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here's that link to SoCal fees)
I'm also looking at a ref pay schedule for a typical club in NorCal. CR's range from $65 per game in the U17-19 ranges, down to $45 in the U11/U12 ranges. AR's make $5 to $10 less. In those various ages, there are different requirements for how many refs need to be there for a game to be valid, and it depends on both the age group of the players and the level of the bracket. For example it's still only 1 CR ref required up through U13 for Silver bracket or below, even though everyone would certainly want 2 or 3. For the littles (2 x 25 min) - it's a flat $50 per game for the single CR. The payments do not vary whether there are 1, 2, or 3 refs - it's not one pot that is then split depending on how many; the individual rates are what is listed for each ref in each game. On normal weekends with games all over the place, there are only so many games even the most eager ref could actually do (think 3 to 4 per day max), so calculated hourly pay and what that can realistically be expected per weekend needs to be accounted for. For tournament weekends where they can do back to back games on the same field, I have seen situations where a ref can do 8 games in a day (I certainly couldn't). Any way you look at it - it's hobby-level money for people who enjoy the sport and want to give back, or it's teenager money for someone who has no real expenses and is saving for teenager-type use cases. It's not a profession, it isn't paid like one, and I'd guess the pay would have to be 3x to 5x from today before that thinking would noticeably change economic behavior to bring many more refs, and more highly qualified refs, into the fold.
Thanks for the link, those rates are a little higher than here but in the ballpark. If the youngest ages pay $120 / game it's probably 60 for the center and 30 for each AR. Maybe 50 / 35 / 35. 60 minute halves plus HT plus time between games ... if you do 3 solo games you're making $198 for 4.5 hours or $44/per. Less if you're doing ARs.
Lots of good points in this thread - referee shortages are everywhere. Why? Bad behavior / low pay. The most experienced refs are doing MLS Next / ECNL / GA. Next tier are doing U17 - U19 State League. Next tier are doing U 14 - U16. Next tier is doing U13 - U11. By the time you get to U9 / U10 solos you're likely getting very new refs. There is very little infrastructure for training and development (not enough $$$ to build that system) and what exists targets the upper tier. We try to partner new ARs with experienced centers but there aren't enough higher level refs that want to do U12 and younger. So the new folks get thrown out there.
But is there much going on during the average U9 game that requires a top level ref? My experience says no. I think I've done ~10 solo 7v7s lifetime so small sample size. I've done way more U11 / U12 ... in seven years I can remember violent conduct in U12 or younger exactly once. OP makes it sound like every game is full of broken limbs, punches and mayhem. In my world, not so. As a parent, if you're yelling at a U10 ref about a throw in, foul, handling, or anything else you're doing something incredibly wrong.
Lots of debate in ref world about giving cards at younger ages. Some state associations explicitly tell you not to. We don't have a rule like that here but it's pretty rare. More common is to tell the coach, "Hey, can you tell #13 to play in a more safe manner?" "Coach, #13 is done for the day but you don't have to play a person short" gets used on rare occasions. As mentioned, there's just not much going on out there. Kids are more clumsy than anything and don't have the mass / can't generate enough force to do real damage on most occasions. I can count the # of serious injuries at all ages on two hands over ~ 1,800 games. If your particular player got hurt during a game, that sucks (my DD broke her leg during a scrimmage, although that was a fair tackle). It happens. But pretty rare.
Are there that many coaches out there with a Cobra Kai "sweep the leg" mentality? At that age group? I'm sure they do exist but I don't believe the problem is widespread. I can think of maybe 2 or 3 comments from coaches that crossed the line over the years. OP suggests this is every other week.
Maybe there is a bad actor out there as described, I have no reason to doubt you. I just don't think it's common. I would imagine the parents of the U7 screamer coach you described wouldn't stick around for very long.
Last thing - if you're at a match where you believe your child is in danger - because of the physical nature of the game, the inaction of the ref, the nasty behavior of the other coach, whatever - grab your kid and get the F out of there. If your house was burning down would you complain how slow the fire department was?
No easy solutions. Putting more money into the system would help but that comes from parents who already have a heavy financial burden.