Desert Hound
DA
The fact that you state it as such shows a rather partisan basis on your part.Public funding makes far more sense than the current system, e.g. the sight of various GOP candidates paying homage/tribute, on bended knee, to Sheldon Adelson was bizarre.
A non partisan way of saying that is that Ds and Rs get funding from a variety of billionaires, each with an agenda.
Filibusters do make sense. They require that chamber to come to a consensus on a matter which means making an appeal to the other side. In other words it has had the affect of moderating policy.
Your idea of proportionally dividing up the votes is in and of itself a type of primary. Why is that? Because instead of trying to win a state as a whole, you now don't have to appeal to the whole state which usually requires modifying your position.The primary system is literally driving extremism as the extremes are far more motivated to vote for their nutter, left or right. Once a candidate has an R or D beside them, they will get votes, irrespective of their merit.
What you propose on the senate/electoral college is a system where the US would be essentially dominated by NY and CA. Both the Senate and the electoral college balances that out and gives smaller states pull. It also moderates the various candidates. You would get more extreme candidates if they didn't have to worry about the myriad of smaller to mid sized states.
You are correct in the sense that the "independent" is the one that decides the vote in most elections. Forcing people to vote who don't follow politics are don't care doesn't solve any problem.5-10% of the voters decide every election, of the 66% (v. high turnout) eligible to vote. The vast majority of voters will tick a D or R irrespective of the candidate - that's not engaged or knowledgeable, and I'm not going into the massive misinformation that is prevalent these days.