I'll answer the goalkeeping part of your post.

First of all, last night wasn't Howard's fault. Howard is beginning to show signs of his age, and this was probably his last hurrah, but there wasn't much he could do with either of those goals. US goalkeeping has always developed on the assumption that since we have so many kids that play sports that catch (football, baseball, basketball), it's easy to convert one of those players into a goalkeeper. And US goalkeepers have been very well known for being keepers that catch, as opposed to players that punch all the time like in Europe. The problem with that first the change in the backpass rule, and then the rise of Neuer have changed all that. Goalkeeping has changed radically in the last 5 years, as has what they are expected to do. You see it in the LA Galaxy keepers....Diop is the classic European keeper that is most comfortable sitting on his line....either someone has told him to play out of the box or he's decided to imitate Neuer but he's not physically or by training suited to that style (at least not yet) and it's led time and time to disaster. Rowe is the classic American keeper blocking with his legs and trying to catch it, but he can't really support the attack the way a sweeper-keeper can. In the 90s, the kids that were recruited to play the role were big lugs who were often slow but could battle on the cross, English style. In the 00's, they were giants, particularly in Europe, that were taught to not leave but to sit on their lines. Everything has changed now, and speed and agility are the most vital aspect of a keeper....the training even in the US is changing along with it (my son recently switched form a 40 year old goalkeeper coach that taught him to bend his knee on the ground ball and he's switched to a younger one that wants him to forward dive on it, for example). The US has to decide whether it's going to keep producing American-style goalkeepers like Rowe, or whether its going to switch to a sweeper-keeper format. So, they'll be a break before we get some worldclass goalkeepers again, and one of the changes US soccer needs to do is improving the education of American goalkeepers (or something we did well in the past will become something we were passed by as the rest of the world evolves).