1) Palanisamy links to a Ph.D. dissertation. Strictly speaking, dissertations are not peer reviewed, they are approved (or, in rare and sad instances, not) by an institutional thesis committee. However, the thesis is indeed buttressed by a number of peer reviewed papers, which is what the CNS should be linking to if they want to direct the reader to peer reviewed studies. The quoted parts in CNS come from the summary. I doubt this Kenneth Richards ("no tricks") bothered to read much beyond this first page. A more comprehensive view of the work dealing with regional variability in sea level rise (the part CNS focused on) can be obtained if one examines Chapter 4 starting on page 143 of the thesis document. Here the context of the work is presented quite nicely. The author is wishing to understand how forced and unforced processes contribute to regional differences in sea level that are superimposable upon the larger global pattern of mean sea level rise. A number of case studies are presented in the chapter, each of which has specific regional influences (themoclines, wind patterns, land mass rise/subsidence) that are not necessarily anthropogenic in nature. In fact there is a good general discussion of steric processes related to the planetary energy balance (many of which are thought to be strongly correlated with anthropogenic factors) that are driving mean sea level rise (thermal expansion as a main culprit) that is informative reading. I imagine the student would be overjoyed if they were to find out that the writing they spent months crafting was appreciated and valuable to somebody.
2) Bordbar links to a EGU (European Geoscience Union) abstract. It is a conference proceeding and is not a peer reviewed study. My admittedly quick read here was that this study similarly focuses on regional variability. In fact, the quoted part in CNS deals with the authors' concern with how to assess larger global trends in the midst of strong regional variation (this is the “Further, such variability strengthens in response to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations, which may further hinder detection of anthropogenic climate signals in that region” part. Like E stated earlier, the intention is fairly clear even in the limited context of the abstract.
3) Dangendorf also links to an EGU abstract (the same meeting, I'd bet $10-big money for me-the posters were right beside each other).
4) Hansen is a response to a comment on a paper published in the Journal of Coastal Research. Whether comments and responses are peer reviewed varies on editorial policy. Typically, if the editor thinks the comments are reasonable they do not bother the reviewers to referee the subsequent commentary. If one takes the time to track back the initial paper the rationale of the study is again, an in this case even more forcefully, made clear. "We wish to emphasize that our study does not intend to test the long array of possible effects of global warming (steric expansion of seas, redistribution of water from melting icecaps and glaciers), other effects of anthropogenic redistribution of Earth's water resources (groundwater mining, water storage, etc.), or effects of such changes on sea level and Earth's rotational velocity." Quotation from JCS (2015). 31:1041-1056.
If any of the relevant articles are not freebies and one wishes to look at them let me know.