I do not have specifics, and I suspect it varies per school and area, but I know that in general (and as an example), there are college scouts which look at kids from the schools in my area (higher end west side Los Angeles). There are kids from the high school which receive college scholarships for sports, soccer included, boys and girls (not every sport every year or anything, but enough that there must be some exposure, probably at league competitions and such). I've also been told this by some of the people in the club orgs (ie: if your HS team is competing for a league championship, players can get scouted).
That said, I will clarify that I am speculating based on what I've been told, and I have no firsthand knowledge. As I've noted for myself, this is not a huge point of concern for me personally, since my kid is not at that level, so I have not done an extensive amount of firsthand research.