The Transitional Gains Trap
http://www.libertylawsite.org/2013/09/26/the-transitional-gains-trap/
In the piece, Tullock talks about a tragedy that often results from government regulation or spending. The government takes an action that initially benefits a particular group, although at the expense of imposing an inefficient policy on the public. But over time, even that special interest group will not benefit from the government program. Yet that group will fight hard to prevent the program from being eliminated, since eliminating it will make that group worse off.
For example, a city government may establish a taxi medallion system that, by restricting entry into the taxi business, will provide large benefits to the initial generation of taxi cabs. This medallion, of course, will harm the public, since it restricts competition. But over time, those who purchase the medallions will pay the market rate for them and therefore will not receive any special rents. Yet, they will fight to prevent the medallion system from being eliminated, since these owners will be harmed by such elimination. Thus, the city will be stuck with an inefficient medallion system that will be difficult to eliminate. Eliminating the medallion program will harm existing taxis, many of whom did not lobby for the system in the first place and do not receive supercompetitive profits.
Tullock’s basic recommendation is not to get into these traps, because they are very hard to get out of.